Three Levels of Prevention
(Institute of Medicine)

Universal Prevention Interventions address the general population with programs aimed at delaying substance use and preventing abuse. Participants are not specifically recruited for the prevention activities. Universal prevention activities also include efforts to bring community members together to plan for services and to change norms and laws reducing risk factors and promoting a more protective environment.

Selective Prevention Interventions target specific subgroups that are believed to be at greater risk for substance abuse than others. Risk groups may be identified on the basis of biological, psychological, social or environmental risk factors known to be associated with substance abuse and addiction. Program activities are designed to address the identified risk indicators of the targeted subgroup.

Indicated Prevention Interventions target individuals who exhibit early signs of substance abuse and other problem behaviors associated with
substance abuse and addiction including early substance use, school failure, interpersonal social problems, delinquency, other antisocial behaviors, and psychological problems such as depression and suicidal behaviors. Substance Abuse Prevention Block Grant funds cannot to be used to support indicated prevention programs.

Source: Office of Substance Abuse Services, Guidance Bulletin No. 2003-03.